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Benjamin Arthur Quarles (January 23, 1904 – November 16, 1996) was an African-American historian, administrator, scholar, educator, and writer. Major books by Quarles include ''The Negro in the American Revolution'' (1961), ''Lincoln and the Negro'' (1962), ''The Negro in the Civil War'' (1968), and ''Black Abolitionists'' (1969). He demonstrated that blacks were active participants in major conflicts and issues of American history. His books were narrative accounts of critical wartime periods that focused on how blacks interacted with their white allies and emphasized blacks' acting as vital agents of change rather than receiving favors from whites.〔August Meier, "Benjamin Quarles and the Historiography of Black America," ''Civil War History,'' June 1980, Vol. 26#2, pp. 101-116.〕 ==Background== Quarles was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His father Arthur Benedict Quarles was a subway porter and his mother was Margaret O'Brien.〔''The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives,'' Volume 4: 1994-1996, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2001〕 Benjamin went to local public schools. Benjamin Quarles married Vera Bullock, who died in 1951. A year later in 1952, he married Ruth Brett. They had two daughters, Pamela and Roberta. In his twenties, Quarles enrolled at Shaw University, a historically black college in Raleigh, North Carolina, and received his B.A. degree in 1931. He earned his M.A. degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1933, and Ph.D. from there in 1940. Initially he faced resistance for wanting to write black history but finally received support for his goal. He learned his writing style from Professor William Hesseltine.〔("Chronology of the Life & Career Benjamin Arthur Quarles" ), ''Chickenbones: A Journal, for Literary & Artistic African-American Themes''] (accessed 2007-04-15 )〕 He returned to Shaw, working as an instructor of history (1935–39); then he went to Dillard University, New Orleans, Louisiana (1939–1953), where he became a full professor and served as dean; and last, he served as professor of history and chair of department at Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland (1953–1974). At Morgan, Quarles reached near-legendary status as the long-time head of the History Department, a revered teacher and counselor, an intellectual and professional mentor for two generations of African-American scholars. Many of his books were required reading in the African-American history courses that were developed in American universities during the 1960s with the civil rights movement and increasing interest in the history of minorities and women. After his official retirement in 1969, he was awarded professor emeritus status and kept teaching for several years. Quarles was an active member of many political and historical organizations, such as Project Advisory Committee on Black Congress Members, the committee to oversee the founding of the Amistad Center at Tulane University, the Department of the Army Historical Advisory Committee, and the American Council of Learned Societies. He was one of the few men in the profession who openly supported the founding of the Association of Black Women Historians. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Benjamin Arthur Quarles」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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